# 自動化測試 # APP自動化測試環境建置 ### 建立應用程式 UI 自動化測試 - 以 Robot Framework 為例 [https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/users/20168859/ironman/7650](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/users/20168859/ironman/7650) java [Java Downloads | Oracle 台灣](https://www.oracle.com/tw/java/technologies/downloads/#jdk24-windows) jdk-24\_windows-x64\_bin [![image-1751637163184.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/sC3qj9o1IF7VUtG3-image-1751637163184.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/sC3qj9o1IF7VUtG3-image-1751637163184.png) [![image-1751637195203.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/Qzx26p4r3tG65iWk-image-1751637195203.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/Qzx26p4r3tG65iWk-image-1751637195203.png) install appium [https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10360843](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10360843) Robot Framework 安裝及初體驗 install python [https://www.python.org/downloads/](https://www.python.org/downloads/) install nvm [https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows](https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows) nvm install lts nvm use 22.16.0 npm install -g appium [![image-1751630234131.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/gbEwaM7upRkr1RJE-image-1751630234131.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/gbEwaM7upRkr1RJE-image-1751630234131.png) [![image-1750756211301.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/9Mq8s9M0MIKaXZDy-image-1750756211301.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/9Mq8s9M0MIKaXZDy-image-1750756211301.png) [![image-1750756233619.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/hzHWmUo1eUXZxv1V-image-1750756233619.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/hzHWmUo1eUXZxv1V-image-1750756233619.png) install appium-inspector [https://github.com/appium/appium-inspector](https://github.com/appium/appium-inspector) [![image-1750757422111.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/wpF2SSsT8R3qjFIW-image-1750757422111.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/wpF2SSsT8R3qjFIW-image-1750757422111.png) ```JSON { "platformName": "Android", "appium:automationName": "uiautomator2", "appium:deviceName": "Android", "appium:appPackage": "com.android.settings", "appium:appActivity": ".Settings" } ``` ```shell # 安裝其他套件 pip install robotframework pip install robotframework-appiumlibrary ``` 要讓 Appium 透過 USB 控制實體手機（例如 Android）來做測試，你需要讓你的 **notebook（筆電）與手機透過 USB 連線**，並配合幾個工具來完成連接。這裡用 **Android + Windows notebook** 為範例流程說明。 --- ## ✅ 一、前置條件檢查 ### 📱 手機端設定： 1. **開啟「開發者選項」** - 到手機設定 → 關於手機 → 點「版本號」七次 → 解鎖開發者模式 2. **打開 USB 偵錯** - 設定 → 系統 → 開發者選項 → 開啟「USB 偵錯」 3. **用 USB 傳輸線接上筆電** --- ## ✅ 二、筆電端（Windows）準備 ### 1️⃣ 安裝 ADB（Android Debug Bridge） #### 最快方法：安裝 Android Platform Tools（免裝 Android Studio）： 👉 下載網址：[https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools) 解壓縮後，把 `platform-tools` 資料夾加到環境變數 `PATH`。 ### Windows #### 如果安裝 Andrioid Studio ```shell #位置在 C:\Users\<你的帳號>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe ``` #### 設定系統環境變數 1. 按下 Windows 鍵 → 輸入「環境變數」→ 選擇「編輯系統環境變數」 2. 點「環境變數（Environment Variables）」 3. 在 **使用者變數** 或 **系統變數** 中新增：
變數名稱變數值
`ANDROID_HOME``C:\Users\MOMO\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk`
`ANDROID_SDK_ROOT`（可選）同上
4. 編輯 `Path` 變數 → 加入以下路徑 ``` %ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools %ANDROID_HOME%\emulator ``` 完成後關閉並重新啟動 cmd / PowerShell / VSCode terminal ### Mac ```shell brew install --cask android-platform-tools ``` 驗證： ```cmd adb devices ``` 第一次會提示你在手機上授權，允許 USB 偵錯。 --- ## ✅ 三、安裝 Appium 驅動（UIAutomator2） ```bash appium driver install uiautomator2 ``` 確認： ```bash appium driver list ``` --- ## ✅ 四、啟動 Appium Server ```bash appium ``` 預設會在 `http://localhost:4723` 開啟伺服器。 --- ## ✅ 五、撰寫測試程式連接手機 ### 📝 以 Python 為例（也可用 Java、JS 等） ```python from appium import webdriver desired_caps = { "platformName": "Android", "deviceName": "Android Device", # 或填 adb devices 顯示的 ID "appPackage": "com.android.settings", # 測試用，可改成你自己的 app "appActivity": ".Settings", "automationName": "UiAutomator2" } driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", desired_caps) driver.quit() ``` --- ## ✅ 六、常見問題排解
問題解法
`adb devices` 看不到手機檢查線材、USB 傳輸模式是否為「資料傳輸」，確認有開 USB 偵錯
Appium 找不到設備確認驅動安裝好、手機有授權、Appium Server 已啟動
Appium 錯誤：no device found驗證 `adb devices` 有成功列出設備
Appium Inspector 無法開啟 session確認 desired capabilities 正確，並與 appium port 對上
--- 如果你想搭配 Robot Framework 來寫測試，也可以再幫你整合 robotframework-appiumlibrary 的使用方式。 是否也需要說明 iOS 連線流程（macOS + iPhone 測試）？ # APP自動化測試安裝(IOS) [![image-1751525865876.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/HHUWki8YTqfqFbYg-image-1751525865876.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/HHUWki8YTqfqFbYg-image-1751525865876.png) [![image-1751526020594.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/rdu16aqFYZkgvloF-image-1751526020594.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/rdu16aqFYZkgvloF-image-1751526020594.png) ``` $xcode-select -p /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer $xcode-select -print-path /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer ``` [![image-1751526490734.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/dcaWjutMA4n3dUze-image-1751526490734.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/dcaWjutMA4n3dUze-image-1751526490734.png) [![image-1751526646989.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/mN1HD2FlPbQ8vy5i-image-1751526646989.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/mN1HD2FlPbQ8vy5i-image-1751526646989.png) ``` $xcrun simctl list devices == Devices == -- iOS 17.0 -- iPhone SE (3rd generation) (C2263CE0-B8D0-4A45-A8B6-819EBFDC6B3C) (Shutdown) iPhone 15 (342CFDF8-F135-4C7E-B721-809DBAE2FED6) (Shutdown) iPhone 15 Plus (A1502CF4-2655-41EF-ACCA-344DE1880989) (Shutdown) iPhone 15 Pro (212B06CE-ABA0-4ED1-826C-E34313D29FD8) (Shutdown) iPhone 15 Pro Max (C32A003C-E330-4653-98BD-67D69034B784) (Shutdown) iPad Air (5th generation) (8B350383-3091-45C8-98A9-9EF9FAC09869) (Shutdown) iPad (10th generation) (23A6B6DD-A65F-4EA4-8B20-D2504025FABB) (Shutdown) iPad mini (6th generation) (2549DC38-10CE-4117-919C-2EA9F0105EFD) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (11-inch) (4th generation) (1994EEF6-5F7D-4A93-A8E8-548988FF7F82) (Shutdown) iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (6th generation) (96C9D1A6-AD3C-48DF-8A27-310800A51FF4) (Shutdown) -- iOS 18.1 -- iPhone SE (3rd generation) (B50D832D-774F-4B7D-9D14-82395408AEA0) (Shutdown) iPhone 16 Pro (1E598AB9-170B-429D-A45E-818CEFAC9B26) (Shutdown) iPhone 16 Pro Max (E6888AFA-4A3E-4E18-BDB6-C270815306FE) (Shutdown) iPhone 16 (AB625102-C6F4-425B-A280-D8C0E472A9B1) (Shutdown) iPhone 16 Plus (AD5044C4-3EE2-4D41-897B-0CDC1AA82800) (Shutdown) iPad (10th generation) (ACED15AA-AB6E-4B6B-A453-53A139698288) (Shutdown) iPad Air 11-inch (M2) (3F29CBE6-098A-407E-B2F0-C03F10ACB3BC) (Shutdown) iPad Air 13-inch (M2) (1E1CBA41-26E4-4825-B78F-9B1218B45CBD) (Shutdown) iPad mini (A17 Pro) (EFFCCE75-3E77-4131-8BF3-1A2D23EDDC9A) (Shutdown) iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) (85ADF4A5-46FD-4601-8B29-BD21892E3512) (Shutdown) iPad Pro 13-inch (M4) (43E67B57-74B9-4060-8C20-CB892863F586) (Shutdown) ``` [![image-1751823189170.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/ECDeMdNbP1ybn5bV-image-1751823189170.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/ECDeMdNbP1ybn5bV-image-1751823189170.png) [![image-1751823868524.png](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/scaled-1680-/iG2eWZqJlBkqs2L0-image-1751823868524.png)](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-07/iG2eWZqJlBkqs2L0-image-1751823868524.png) # 相關連結 ### AppiumLibrary key word ##### [https://serhatbolsu.github.io/robotframework-appiumlibrary/AppiumLibrary.html#Introduction](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/AppiumLibrary) ### Appium 中文翻譯 ##### [https://www.kancloud.cn/testerhome/appium\_docs\_cn/3209426](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/Appium) # Appium、Python、Robot Framework 之間的關係 --- ## ✅ Appium、Python、Robot Framework 之間的關係： 這三者可以整合在一起，是因為：
技術角色說明
**Appium**測試引擎提供 WebDriver API，控制手機（Android / iOS）的自動化操作
**Python**實作擴充邏輯的程式語言可以寫自己的測試邏輯、自訂關鍵字（如你現在做的）
**Robot Framework**測試框架（高階語法）用關鍵字驅動的方式來寫測試案例，支援 Python Library
--- ## 🔄 它們如何互動？ ``` [Robot Framework] | | 呼叫 ↓ [自訂 Python 關鍵字] | | 呼叫 ↓ [AppiumLibrary（內部就是 WebDriver）] | ↓ [Appium Server → 控制手機裝置] ``` --- ### 📦 關鍵套件：
套件名稱用途
`AppiumLibrary`Robot Framework 的套件，封裝了 Appium 操作
`robotframework`測試框架本體
`appium-python-client`Python 端 Appium 的驅動（AppiumLibrary 內部使用）
--- ## ✅ 典型架構目錄 ``` project/ ├── tests/ │ └── test_login.robot ├── keywords/ │ └── custom_scroll.py ← 這是你寫的 Python 關鍵字 ├── resources/ │ └── variables.robot ├── requirements.txt ``` --- ## ✅ Robot 測試如何叫到 Appium？ ```robot *** Settings *** Library AppiumLibrary Library keywords/custom_scroll.py *** Test Cases *** 登入後登出 Open Application http://localhost:4723 platformName=iOS ... Scroll To Text And Tap 登出 ``` 你寫的 `Scroll To Text And Tap` 是一個 Python 關鍵字，會去呼叫 Appium WebDriver 去執行滑動與點擊。 --- ## ✅ 重點概念（幫你牢記） - `Robot Framework` 是控制流程 + 組合測試邏輯。 - `AppiumLibrary` 是控制手機的橋樑（Python 包裝）。 - 你可以寫 Python function，然後 `@keyword` 暴露成 Robot 可以用的「關鍵字」。 --- 如果你想我幫你整理一張「整合架構圖」或提供一份「快速入門模板」，我也可以幫你生成。需要嗎？