# MongoDB
# 【Mac】安裝MongoDB
```
brew tap mongodb/brew
```
```
brew update
```
```
brew install mongodb-community@6.0
```
[https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-os-x/](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-os-x/)
---
或是使用docker-composer
\*docker-compose.yml
```YAML
version: '3.1'
services:
mongo:
image: mongo:6.0
restart: always
container_name: mongo1
volumes:
- ./data:/data/db:/data/db
ports:
- 27017:27017
```
```shell
#起動 docker
docker-compose up
```
# 常用指令
使用mongosh 連入db
```shell
srou@momo-full-devdeiMac ~ % mongosh
Current Mongosh Log ID: 63de0489619b4a08812f03ee
Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.6.2
Using MongoDB: 6.0.4
Using Mongosh: 1.6.2
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
------
The server generated these startup warnings when booting
2023-02-04T06:35:33.363+00:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
2023-02-04T06:35:33.363+00:00: vm.max_map_count is too low
------
test>
```
```JSON
db.order.aggregate([
{ $match : {
liveId: "aaaa",
orderDate: { $gt:ISODate("2023-11-01T23:00:00+08:00")}
}
},
{
$group: {
_id: {
orderNo: "$orderNo",
liveId: "$liveId"
},
count: { $sum: 1 }
}
},
{
$match: {
count: { $gte: 2 }
}
},
{
$sort: { count : -1}
},
{
$limit:5
}
])
/////////////////////////////////////////
select count(orderNo), count(liveId)
from order
group by orderNo, liveId
order by count(liveId)
having count(*) >= 2
limit 5
```
# MongoDB教育訓練-01
####
#### mongodb 儲存格式 是 Bson
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/oxUMylTkL0FwEXyZ-image-1639619984280.png)
---
#### MongoDB 與關連式資料庫結構對照
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/W9Lmzan35b3QRvxu-image-1639620745002.png)
---
##### 企業版的Tool
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/JAqoDNlA6CbxSY8E-image-1639621669047.png)
---
#### 何時使用ＭongoDB
- 需要存取資料
- 需要很大的數據
- 需要快速迭代開發
- 需要經常異動結構的資料
- 需要水平擴展
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/lXhirUMxp8JUe5I6-image-1639621823585.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/tMwkeefhczCy8lgJ-image-1639621986744.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/elifzXOUWxBiD6wh-image-1639622039228.png)
---
#### MongoDB 與聯式資料庫對比
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/F2XJZ4J4HPuEp8Y6-image-1639622524198.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/9g5qPu1DqUbrjfJQ-image-1639622553219.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/tHfDGn5LL3Xu3W0v-image-1639622880932.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-02
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/3k1ivaJGMWhtW5tT-image-1639624442610.png)
註冊
[https://cloud.mongodb.com/](https://cloud.mongodb.com/)
tool
https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/shell
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/DXUNYmjkudfFbzFL-image-1639625251215.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/aGAaOBHIp8Oh9CNU-image-1639625277499.png)
### 1.新增帳號
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/NLdjaVAFQFaPwxnX-image-1639625301233.png)
### 2.新增你的存取IP-> 【add My Current Ip address】
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/r3no6agALJXsY2RP-image-1639625403123.png)
### 3.下載sample資料庫
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/WnivN3wogBd9wSxH-image-1639626142620.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/iLF5QzfcZF7ipXp7-image-1639626286659.png)
#### 下載中.....
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/2coyhuTSbwCCNGcy-image-1639626839316.png)
#### 已下載完成
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/wIqc6xXs7smVRpZJ-image-1639626966774.png)
###
---
### 4.新增連線 【Connect】
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/9uGFPUTDgwZL09pv-image-1639625864493.png)
### Connect with the MongoDB Shell
### [](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/32XCdwdH7eL1qDbx-image-1639625922470.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/BeiGLEI11ItjPM37-image-1639626096319.png)
#### Mac 安裝
```shell
brew install mongosh
```
#### 連線(依照網頁url)
```shell
mongosh "mongodb+srv://cluster0.0roj8.mongodb.net/myFirstDatabase" --username admin
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/NpReneOzL4k6Ct01-image-1639626216471.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-03
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/94lf1AMIPzr4hZtu-image-1639632341110.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/WKjief5bW4SVievQ-image-1639632437556.png)
count 儘量不要用
db.inspections.countDocuments() #精確查詢(1)
db.inspections.count() #
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/PvIPPDc1MJeJEHO7-image-1639632701684.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/FmITDA5ZEs1EcJLL-image-1639632747819.png)
### insertOne 插入一筆資料
```shell
#插入一條資料
insertOne
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/nPd523UFpm9GLEdp-image-1639633018479.png)
id 本身會包含時間
```shell
getTimestamp #取得時間
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ezNU46uA4bVaj8YV-image-1639633066887.png)
---
### insertMany 插入多筆資料
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/PK8p90XrwmMYMVob-image-1639633247450.png)
---
### 有序插入＆無序插入
{ordered: true | false}
- 有序可保證順序，速度較慢，中間錯誤會全部返回
- 使用無序不影響，中間錯誤紀錄
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/6t8AKkTj2D95v1K7-image-1639633329359.png)
---
### 搜尋
- find()
- findOne()
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/muIv1v567N87Gkzz-image-1639633549742.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/cLLolKcRHsNGZ2oS-image-1639633608684.png)
---
### 返回特定欄位
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/KbQT1216Sq9SAD2i-image-1639633633419.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/hlXc6ACses2PRdDQ-image-1639633835708.png)
Find 搜尋20筆資料
```shell
for(var i = 0; i < 200; i++) db.taxis.insertOne({plate: i})
# plate = 5
db.taxis.find({plate:5})
# plate >= 5
db.taxis.find({plate:{$gt: 5}})
#下20筆
it
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/HAJKD0YI6qjXbzCS-image-1639633889739.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/S6OTyAfpsm9EnT7f-image-1639634201304.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/BqQDUaktlTiyjEE0-image-1639634238534.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/SHspsUv1MESPkWVs-image-1639634282001.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/0eB5sNzuWeFblYm5-image-1639634354192.png)
curosr 10分鐘會被丟棄
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/HqauJyTiUugDrl2S-image-1639634486948.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/4WaVjcgxz6nUFEpi-image-1639634849381.png)
```shell
db.diaries.drop()
db.diaries.insertMany([
{ name: "dug", day: ISODate("2014-11-04"), txt: "went for a walk"},
{ name: "dug", day: ISODate("2014-11-06"), txt: "saw a squirrel"},
{ name: "ray", day: ISODate("2014-11-06"), txt: "met dug in the park"},
{ name: "dug", day: ISODate("2014-11-09"), txt: "got a treat"}
])
#找出 name = dug
#輸出 name, text
```
---
### 子查詢
```shell
# city = "New York" 即可
address.city :"New York"
#{ city:"New York"} 完整匹配
address : { city:"New York"}}
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/OojZsQyA1JD09N0q-image-1639635141931.png)
---
### 範圍查詢
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/XfYn3OcXjJzF0Uim-image-1639635381525.png)
---
### Boolen 查詢
```SQL
$or : [ {species:"cat", color:"black"},
{species:"dog", color:"brown"}}]
#等於
where (species = "cat" and color = "black") or (species = "dog" and color = "brown")
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/jSZrykdfTp5dpaZ5-image-1639635516284.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/skJ9wrMqTynMI6U1-image-1639635768002.png)
```JavaScript
db.grades.find({ student_id : {$lt: 65}})
db.inspections.find({$or :[ {result:"Pass"},{result:"Fail"}]})
```
# MongoDB教育訓練-04
### Array 查詢
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/orQuFRgAB53eZmlc-image-1639636664729.png)
Array 查詢 操作
- $all
- $size(少用無法使用index)
- $element 元素滿足
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/fE5DFJqTbqsCgw85-image-1639636792202.png)
```shell
#age > = 18 && age <= 3 , array 其中一個值滿足其中一個條件即可
age : { $gt : 18, $lt: 30}
#age > = 18 && age <= 3 , array 其中一個值滿足所有條件
age : { $elemMatch { $gt : 18, $lt: 30}}
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Zck5NBmCJvnWMS4V-image-1639636930873.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ozw8oxnaZmpBD8QU-image-1639637035674.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Q66Txy8VQ3dAAJTk-image-1639637083583.png)
---
### 排序
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/jL5gOADRIlPthog5-image-1639637186726.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Al2q4DEcAzFIr5x4-image-1639637211917.png)
```JavaScript
_id: 0 #不顯示id
```
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/r3xpI3omOeXaZ0NI-image-1639637453427.png)
---
### 更新
- updateOne : 更新查詢第一筆
- updateMany: 更新所有
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/yjByIjfU24o6QG8H-image-1639637602587.png)
### 更新欄位
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/bdVrg0JxuMzGLh08-image-1639637827684.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/VRZtnZN7od3TLmQT-image-1639637871930.png)
```shell
# 加減
$inc : +
# 乘
$mul: *
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/GaZKRKlrgtwLVKc6-image-1639637930449.png)
```shell
#大於更新
$max
#小於才更新
$min
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/YIpGvQK6qx2wj20t-image-1639638023450.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/OJhetSgj9ZPNc72l-image-1639638110007.png)
```shell
#q1
db.inspections.updateMany({result:"Completed"},{$set:{"result":"No Violation Issued"}})
#q2
db.inspections.updateMany({result:'Fail'},{$set:{fine:100}})
#q3
db.inspections.updateMany({"address.city": "ROSEDALE"}, {$inc: {fine: 150}})
```
---
### Array 新增移除
```
$pop : 1 (最後元素)
$pop : -1 (第一個元素)
# 檢查不存在才新增
$addToSet
```
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/NvJZxjfM99yuQTFD-image-1639638757601.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/hd5Z3nbzmaof7vlr-image-1639638822064.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/bLM6lJ8hzRL8DBOp-image-1639638913289.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/mPpEqgSYth8HLQIF-image-1639638947708.png)
基本mongoDB 基本無lock，每次更新檢更新序號，是否為最新，若不是最新，嘗試合併最新，重新更新
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/pQCq9IUqhPqAlcuE-image-1639639033397.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-05
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/3sgHFnkOoHgAfKv0-image-1639640556450.png)
---
### 更新所有陣列元素
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/5lmZP0UTk0LeoiX2-image-1639640396053.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/kMqpqa5yjRU052vs-image-1639640527546.png)
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/SfSj67qNxS0Og62P-image-1639640566773.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/TRpqG0HqBVwRqOjP-image-1639640635519.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/CN7aSkpj4av8t6pn-image-1639640671909.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/luynlVajG4Z0613P-image-1639640727694.png)
---
### 子查詢更新
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/IrUDJD3mUnixhPZU-image-1639640872931.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/KADc5o84b4xZDYqF-image-1639641079436.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/psIaRrfHQ9wBZpfw-image-1639641130771.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/jw5l0WzI5Y8ALfgU-image-1639642205256.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/DrNJjO9jkx5xE6PO-image-1639641985534.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/8noLiSkdjt2fqqH8-image-1639642001500.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/gF1KtsZ7PX1rOcwm-image-1639642223899.png)
---
### Update & Insert
資料存在則更新，否則新增
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/U2dkOvazrx7zLp4p-image-1639642268831.png)
---
### 返回更新前後的值(updateOne無法返回)
需要返回值的時候使用，不然就只用updateOne
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/R9Pllrf4SotvLTP4-image-1639642579954.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-06
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/t1AM4RJGX5ZBtLVf-image-1639705033770.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/khGTD0wPcEe6ELd8-image-1639705137852.png)
mongoDB 使用Ｂ-tree索引
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/FahDdBDIM56kjSwr-image-1639705482607.png)
查詢至少要用到索引，不要full table scan(所以要至少建立可用索引)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/IcNsjB8malFbXVe9-image-1639705535799.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/3HGEO8hp5SuzV7VI-image-1639705770711.png)
檢查執行計畫快取 -> (無) 有可能優化的索引找出來，同時跑看誰的效率快，加入快取
更新快取時機:
- 當前索引變慢(系統判斷)
- 當新的索引被創建
- server 重啟(memory 清除)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/qTqMHpE3PRcGVKSh-image-1639705807311.png)
- 需要指定欄位
- 欄位可以是任何類型
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/8w46WyVtDVVFOrOX-image-1639706094542.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/zrUfOeVQ03fLN8eh-image-1639706346750.png)
Explain 執行計畫
- queryPlanner : 只顯示執行計畫
- executionStats(最常用): 會把最優執行計畫執行一遍，並收集相關資訊
- allPlansExecution:把所有執行計畫執行一遍，並收集相關資訊
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/UvwFOcKDjW3wYOTv-image-1639706656145.png)
- nReturn: 返回數量
- totalKeyExamined ：找到索引
- totalDocExamined : 查找document數量
- stage:COLLSAN => 無index
- totalKeyExamined / nReturn 最好小於1000
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ANlcZf5NJFiDeENQ-image-1639706909824.png)
number\_of\_reviews: 1 (1: 升冪,-1:降冪)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/V7W991262RVWH978-image-1639707147638.png)
通過index 取得資訊：FETCH
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/qNaUUJCZBvCPfNua-image-1639707345619.png)
- nReturn:totalKeyExamined:totalDocExamined 1:1:1 最佳情況
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/iMAC2vsFjDUcagYR-image-1639707445597.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/b0jijKi7hs3NW8l5-image-1639707511649.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/UPwVfU3YeI8ebflZ-image-1639707565143.png)
取得所有索引
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/9CLzgoztLs1ULVyh-image-1639707652623.png)
刪除索引
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Pru2KUGncvB033Iv-image-1639707687385.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/azQ4hbFPVFwHFByu-image-1639707697169.png)
需要放得下index的記憶體（最低要求）
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/7GAr6sU8Usp7VSP5-image-1639707720558.png)
db.tablename.stats(檔案除以？(1024 => KB,102481024 => MB)).indexSizes
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/65z7pfIxCgvv4WCQ-image-1639707935930.png)
- storageSize : 物理檔案大小
- 刪除資料不會減少資料庫大小，只是把硬碟位置空出來，重複使用
- 釋放空間：compact [https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/compact/](https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/command/compact/)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/mUDxLz2Iz2xMZzn2-image-1639708000892.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/QLPhvFC28gLvwdnr-image-1639708353823.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-07
- 只能保證分片唯一，不能保證全局唯一
- sparse index : 欄位可能不存在document中使用
- partial index : 依據欄位的值決定要不要放入索引（刪除的不放）
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/wWPaTmNWtK43dfFl-image-1639709435352.png)
- hashed indexes : md5 取前20個byte，並不可作為唯一索引，使用時機：控制索引大小（如url）
- 關於時間不適合，會造成分散在所有分片
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/BNDz6MjJGH4XQVMy-image-1639709740460.png)
- 索引增加讀的效能，減低寫的效能
- 建議每張表的索引< 10
- 新增資料會做索引異動，更新不會(但更新欄位會)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/p9ksssT9foFnXp7U-image-1639710154313.png)
索引越大，記憶體越大
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/4zOuCSYrDtGgfnf8-image-1639710316926.png)
### 前綴壓縮
- App le
- App le iphon
- App le store
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/rrhpi4p8v1TQjucP-image-1639710384084.png)
### Multikey indexs
建在array上的index (是不是由系統判斷)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/4jvxLsF5Zv6B6JrQ-image-1639710538365.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/xbwrPXNGHcrCzpeC-image-1639710636236.png)
通常使用"comments.rating" : 1 這種索引
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/kQG5DV39z1YWECuY-image-1639710866463.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/EMgtxyUFyCFNrcC0-image-1639711096453.png)
### Compound符合索引
多欄位索引 (欄位A & 欄位B 查詢適用 )
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/1fStpr6XArU4nsF0-image-1639711185981.png)
### Compound Indexes 複合索引
- MongoDB 通常使用一個索引作查詢
- 最多可以做32個
- 順序很重要
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/bFZZMWa76Rs0PgBT-image-1639711281834.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/gWtjM19sgBjXu1vs-image-1639711459539.png)
欄位順序必須相同
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/FPft7ie7e0KvO9md-image-1639711603003.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/EbJ0MfYoAaSPFIRg-image-1639711744724.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/V53vAeoi5saMlNUs-image-1639711763345.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/NXkdKdxjZW2po5PQ-image-1639711833183.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/MiTyDRZgKHj8WhZM-image-1639711867625.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/PO3Xs0ElcRvrZxDH-image-1639711980197.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/omFQETIWY1NDNVfY-image-1639712284049.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/PjRvnyiSx4W82DeT-image-1639712401606.png)
### ＥＳＲ原則
等值 排序 範圍
10000以內不算數據量大
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/X2qvWrX7SXv1CsYz-image-1639712527794.png)
兩欄位都是陣列，禁止使用，因為所有數量是陣列的乘積
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/7gfZXdRRZGTKJXQj-image-1639712629336.png)
###
#### index 完全覆蓋查詢(資料都從index返回，不用直接查詢document)
\_id 不要出現, multikey 不適用
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/U5rt5J6oLLv4cPWC-image-1639712718185.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/QwW6VDciHMXheDrv-image-1639712827734.png)
```shell
db.listingsAndReviews.find({amenities:"Waterfront","bed_type":{$in:["Futon","Real Bed"]}})
.projection({bedrooms:1, price:1,_id:0,"address.country":1}).explain("executionStats")
db.listingsAndReviews.createIndex({amenities:1, bedrooms:-1,price:11,bed_type:1,first_review:1,last_review:1})
```
# MongoDB教育訓練-08
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/LnCs1c7WApqvzvv1-image-1639720047048.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/zm9dCzrCLAkNJpCj-image-1639720141995.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/hyEj4KfssItHj9Aj-image-1639720365185.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/pgvR3xwhVR7f2OIz-image-1639720514211.png)
### Ｗildcard Indexes
- 可以加入所有欄位，但只能命中一個欄位
- 儲存空間的最大
- 不知道要對什麼做搜索的時候適用
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/uk7pdMVZCU8dEJHi-image-1639720611175.png)
- 使用hints指定索引
- 支援regular (只有前綴固定 ^開頭支援，範圍查詢)
- 可以設定collation (定序)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/qngw3DEJxWRlMizI-image-1639720820601.png)
- 增加一個索引增加10%消耗
- 記憶體最好容納最常需要的索引
- $indexStarts() 可以統計索引的命中率(server 服務以來)
- {a: 1} {a: 1,b:1} 前面這個與後面重複可以刪除
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/cDmnKgZn3z1Wn1F0-image-1639721057745.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/C5FewfIzF4rxbhSq-image-1639721231592.png)
### 滾動索引
- 暫停一個結點建立索引，再加入叢集
- 重複兩次後將建好索引主機升為master，下master建索引
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Eam5oeYY7MU6DDJ3-image-1639721445903.png)
index 先隱藏再刪除
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Hmqy7FhWbDJgRoft-image-1639721675102.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/a4ldxj17EbY8rRDq-image-1639721774327.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-09
查詢緩慢
- 沒有使用index
解決
- 查看database log
- 開啟 profiling
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/VxB6quNoXw59D2qD-image-1639721837613.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/eX8GGpQ2wpDf116l-image-1639721953030.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ufhJqUKSnXZ7SEHc-image-1639722038224.png)
level 2 性能會影響
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/QGO3hYQQM0zAyXZ3-image-1639722277872.png)
db.setProfilingLevel(1,5) #level 1, 查詢大於5毫秒
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/QI2cwOiCMNzCUrUw-image-1639722367579.png)
---
### 慢查詢的原因
- 缺少index
- 寫入資料超出disk 性能
- 高CPU使用
- 巢狀join
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/0lef2dE3IDxIl9Fm-image-1639722562542.png)
---
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/UC4AiylyoipWvR8X-image-1639723682887.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Qr9kRrZQbcNhThL5-image-1639723703346.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/H3NOG4rJDGcaqBlb-image-1639723975695.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ybJiSLF4TbQmBTzK-image-1639724124142.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Yqt1hEruRAL7S0xe-image-1639723989853.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ejdOvHO91KXtbi4P-image-1639724147258.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/5zO0nzrtHpYPxbMo-image-1639724475480.png)
[MongoDB Compass Download | MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/compass?tck=docs_compass)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ce4cJzb96maJr7T6-image-1639724538158.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/7lGIDr1EPdAigO6W-image-1639724837767.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/XLwTmGbYiHbsTS7i-image-1639725028397.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/hEnDhowWWilE3kL4-image-1639725068655.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/DhOg54QUXLFGGxDZ-image-1639725233859.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/g1j8D8AgfsVG7tgj-image-1639725262005.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/vmxyYKJqoxaybrWB-image-1639725411915.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/cxzxIMca9fhL52lF-image-1639726437813.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Jmp44ML3bOBXP0O5-image-1639726650401.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/1TEZigJ62aqgiaud-image-1639726779203.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/H4GJTeQ67U3GZcEW-image-1639727675464.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/GnGQRtLft0j6ZNNU-image-1639727685022.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/kdGOflVBf1uVssfs-image-1639727814455.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/IJN81R5wMLmxxQ0m-image-1639727848116.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ULXwTEx0uINo8kEN-image-1639729086371.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/QyhN1K9QMu771Exp-image-1639728235333.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-20211223-01
Hideden Replica Set Member 隱藏結點，不太使用（歷史，所有請求不會訪問）
Delayed Replica Set Member 不太使用，先將資料取回不同步(延遲一段時間，保持舊資料，備援用)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/XOGkmJFnD85OvMkq-image-1640224635457.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/W9QymtxKIAMTIkvu-image-1640229898504.png)
- 如何知道主結點？ Driver 告訴你
- Driver 幫你追蹤網路架構，不需知道主從節點
- 為截點點打上標籤，通過driver，告訴你
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/mkaD8FGMUONjNWvt-image-1640225138949.png)
Driver 版本匹配
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/XUV6UBCZHoCy7WiL-image-1640225409514.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ljScMKeKsnerrfZT-image-1640225581875.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/kjE3XuBBGE2pWXg7-image-1640225640585.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/K36gksltsXNU7Sp1-image-1640225672880.png)
Oplog 會紀錄所有變更，增刪改查
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/VkuI6ZzjAZYi0Qy0-image-1640225826529.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/uoM1F32LgN72bL9r-image-1640226097101.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/MXHz4iiUS9dvzxIq-image-1640226197262.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/rFNNUT6zOP9kDniK-image-1640226289283.png)
節點從最近節點複製
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/xt0a7FrsUW8oVGJh-image-1640226546216.png)
我們可以直接連線至從節點
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/6U4q1S3mIsM220jG-image-1640226730042.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ukiGN9JWAOhYyvMD-image-1640226806230.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/AVf1EvlPoUtMYUx5-image-1640226630457.png)
從節點查詢資料會出現告警，需下以下指令
db.getMongo().setReadPref("secondaryPreferred")
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/RBSiuFMGfU7k2rjQ-image-1640227049033.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/UJowcNEosUMKYFZI-image-1640227181462.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/leh8xE0qxe8pz8C6-image-1640228152411.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/CdrXbc5ZKv9PmB5a-image-1640228847213.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/joQKDZO1k9gti5tX-image-1640229625178.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Te9XUXyWYniIPvDR-image-1640229774613.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/LnCVMxTrZg0zSxNT-image-1640229875125.png)
總節點是奇數個才能選出主節點，剩下最新的會變成主節點
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/01gyMSjgcs4D3EFd-image-1640229994266.png)
網路斷開主節點還是存在
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/otVqDPjheDK2ZNF7-image-1640230063320.png)
需要有大多數才能投票，此主節點失效
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/GWTdbxzxI27wdAxk-image-1640230096608.png)
會可以投票主節點，DC1有機會成為主節點(資料較新？)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Wlcc8tGbUqUerXZc-image-1640230277213.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/m9u6CRTUvwLEjSbz-image-1640230905006.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-20211223-02
- 資料先寫入記憶體 ，
- checkpoint => 一分鐘( or 資料到達大小) 髒數據寫入DB
- journal log 60ms 寫入 db
- db 最多錯失60 ms 資料
- "OK - committed" => 寫到哪裡？ write concerns 決定
- 資料遺失的時候？我會知曉？
- knowingly log => 已知的寫入失敗
- unknowingly log => 未知的寫入失敗
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/51ki1KDJEyWkz1kV-image-1640237795605.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/48LANg6oh5A8V3c4-image-1640238366642.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/LLjDAcWlqBdgN3Vs-image-1640238415549.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/mamGXqUk0sI8jwSt-image-1640238497608.png)
當資訊不同步，server 必須 rollback 確保資訊一致 => { x: 100} (移除)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/0mRZdFeDnlJE5hoo-image-1640238562747.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/BZdfu2R1oiKJs0dI-image-1640238622753.png)
The case for Majority writes
in the previeous scenario:
date is writtten to the primary
primary acknowledges write to application
primary dies before secondary reads data
必須所以資料到達大多數節點(majoruty commit point)，才能稱之為持久化[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ztBPvEq8CD8CwrRx-image-1640238761360.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/bHKAnFuE7H5KNaY8-image-1640238911776.png)
### 寫的關注度Write Concern
- OK, commitresd 意義
- (w: 到達多少個節點)(j: 如何才算寫成功 0:記憶體, 1:硬碟)
- w:0 不推薦
- w:1, j:1
- w: "majority" (j: 1)
- w:3 無意義(假設叢集有3節點，萬一1節點丟失，無法滿足)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/UKzSJDUyJPnSJ7I8-image-1640239010111.png)
```shell
var wc = { w: 0 }
totalrecs = 10000
batchsize = 1
nbatches = totalrecs / batchsize
var start = new Date()
for(x=0;x非必要不使用
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/7GlKL03YZFWX7du3-image-1640240968077.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/BjmFLZk7hGaHyjg9-image-1640241039739.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-20211223-03
vertical scaling 垂直擴展(升級到某個程度，會很貴並有極限)
horizontal sacling 水平擴展 (比較省成本)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/WNPaHJCxNDV7y5ek-image-1640242289465.png)
沒有一定要shard(如果資料不多不需要，管理複雜度高)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/9wbUHEyWdAtGiHWa-image-1640242412103.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/k4B2vYQF9vFVLMHI-image-1640242564943.png)
- why learn about sharding now?
- you might not need to shard for years
- but decisions you make about schema design befoe that matter
- start planning for sharding on day one
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/lwlqelUGcUlyNd54-image-1640242581364.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/nbXWY4DLAOypwauJ-image-1640242682522.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/WA1BuRXuhph6yNSj-image-1640242841645.png)
mongos 屏蔽所有細節
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/4pjQ98bgVwvRhQhI-image-1640242859417.png)
configuration server 決定資料分布
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/8vpdhQPhwezSA16S-image-1640242920382.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/udIFf8TK6WQ86Vat-image-1640242991219.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/TciPkWgEPCb2dWeW-image-1640243006562.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/eJGjPxByWF0mq62G-image-1640243117106.png)
修改分片鍵
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/9t1Rsl2zJwqR6fvs-image-1640243247361.png)
選擇分片鍵原則
shard keys 不一定是要一樣的，重複的不可超過64MB
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/yJvQFYh4JP9ch7gx-image-1640243397277.png)
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[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/6n07LgrqZTiv1aXi-image-1640246907569.png)
#### 預分片
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/1XBWLTnq72Gwwj38-image-1640247049023.png)
範例 1000億筆資料
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/FJ9Mgvm0w06JRLp6-image-1640247152836.png)
ＹＣＳＢ壓測工具
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/MX2RzMWGwFipMVK8-image-1640247396813.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/I4xvjQ0YY6zvvmfU-image-1640247645818.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/8byDycHQAHcmPwcA-image-1640247664050.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/4Y3SYEpqiGFJixD1-image-1640247809556.png)
primary shared 最忙
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/7PxUBnmsctBGBQMm-image-1640247884753.png)
完全停止
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/2fxzL3fhexEFquxI-image-1640248229678.png)
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/vLTpEPOwoTqLepl9-image-1640248345321.png)
分散多筆sharding ，利用換取ＣＰＵ計算
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/PlArjNlZLfbdB1gX-image-1640248651952.png)
# MongoDB教育訓練-20211223-04-關於安全
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/ySQYEekObyv3QadV-image-1640248761008.png)
#### 對稱加密 && 非對稱加密
[](https://bookstack.treemanou.com/uploads/images/gallery/2021-12/Q8XvluDNeNNpytsW-image-1640248839685.png)
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