【Linux】常用命令

joe@debian-privesc:~$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin

joe@debian-privesc:~$ id 
uid=1000(joe) gid=1000(joe) groups=1000(joe),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),
46(plugdev),109(netdev),112(bluetooth),116(lpadmin),117(scanner)

joe@debian-privesc:~$ hostname
debian-privesc

joe@debian-privesc:~$ cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 10 \n \l

joe@debian-privesc:~$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="10"
VERSION="10 (buster)"
VERSION_CODENAME=buster
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

joe@debian-privesc:~$ uname -a
Linux debian-privesc 4.19.0-21-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.249-2 (2022-06-30)
x86_64 GNU/Linux

joe@debian-privesc:~$ ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.0  0.4 169592 10176 ?        Ss   Aug16   0:02 /sbin/init
...
colord     752  0.0  0.6 246984 12424 ?        Ssl  Aug16   0:00 /usr/lib/colord/colord

joe@debian-privesc:~$ ip a
3: ens224: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:8a:72:64 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.60.214/24 brd 172.16.60.255 scope global ens224
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe8a:7264/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       
# route or routel
joe@debian-privesc:~$ routel
         target            gateway          source    proto    scope    dev tbl
/usr/bin/routel: 48: shift: cant shift that many
        default     192.168.50.254                   static          ens192
    172.16.60.0 24                   172.16.60.214   kernel     link ens224
   192.168.50.0 24                  192.168.50.214   kernel     link ens192
      127.0.0.0          broadcast       127.0.0.1   kernel     link     lo local
      127.0.0.0 8            local       127.0.0.1   kernel     host     lo local
      
# -a 列舉所有連接，使用 -n 避免主機名解析，-p 顯示連接所屬的進程
joe@debian-privesc:~$ ss -anp
Netid      State       Recv-Q      Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port
nl         UNCONN      0           0                                                         0:461                                  *
nl         UNCONN      0           0                                                         0:323                                  *
nl         UNCONN      0           0                                                         0:457